In this tutorial we will cover the basics in implementing deferred shading using DirectX 11, C++, and HLSL.
The code in this tutorial will build on the code from the previous tutorials.
Deferred shading is the process of splitting up traditional rendering into a two-stage system that is designed to improve efficiency in shaders that require complex lighting.
In the first stage we render as usual by using a vertex and pixel shader.
However, the purpose of the pixel shader is entirely different.
We no longer use the pixel shader to do lighting calculations and then output a color to the back buffer.
We instead output information about that pixel (such as normals, texture color, and so forth) to a render to texture buffer.
So now our pixel shader output from the first stage has become a 2D texture full of scene information that can be used as a texture input to the second stage.
In the second stage we re-write all our traditional 3D shaders to now do 2D post processing using the render to texture outputs from the first stage.
And because we are doing 2D post processing we have just a set number of pixels to run our lighting equations on instead of a massive scene full of thousands of complex 3D objects.
Therefore, it no longer matters if we have thousands of lights in our scene or how many polygons are in each object.
We only perform lighting equations on the very final 2D output pixels.
So deferred shading eliminates all sorts of calculations that would be required in the vertex and pixel shader for every single model in the scene.
And all those complex calculations create output data that is usually discarded anyhow due to culling.
So, all those inefficiencies are now eliminated and our shading equations are now a fixed amount of processing regardless of scene size, number of lights, and so forth.
This really opens the door so we can do more complex lighting as well as simplify and combine our shaders that already required 2D post processing.
To proceed we need to first write a deferred shader for the first stage, and then re-write our traditional shaders to take the first stage textures as input and perform 2D post processing.
For simplicity in this tutorial, we will re-write the original directional light shader and show how to connect it to the deferred shader.
Framework
The framework for this tutorial will be similar to the first lighting tutorial.
The two new classes we will add are the DeferredBuffersClass and the DeferredShaderClass.
We will also need to add the OrthoWindowClass since deferred shading requires 2D post processing as part of its rendering process.
We will start the code section by looking at the new DeferredBuffersClass.
Deferredbuffersclass.h
The DeferredBufferClass is just the render to texture class re-written to handle an array of render to textures instead of just a single one.
The outputs of the deferred shader will be writing to the texture buffers (render targets) of this class.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: deferredbuffersclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _DEFERREDBUFFERSCLASS_H_
#define _DEFERREDBUFFERSCLASS_H_
The following define sets the number of rendering buffers in this class object.
/////////////
// DEFINES //
/////////////
const int BUFFER_COUNT = 2;
//////////////
// INCLUDES //
//////////////
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <directxmath.h>
using namespace DirectX;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: DeferredBuffersClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class DeferredBuffersClass
{
public:
DeferredBuffersClass();
DeferredBuffersClass(const DeferredBuffersClass&);
~DeferredBuffersClass();
bool Initialize(ID3D11Device*, int, int, float, float);
void Shutdown();
void SetRenderTargets(ID3D11DeviceContext*);
void ClearRenderTargets(ID3D11DeviceContext*, float, float, float, float);
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* GetShaderResourceView(int);
private:
int m_textureWidth, m_textureHeight;
The render targets are now in an array instead of single pointers.
ID3D11Texture2D* m_renderTargetTextureArray[BUFFER_COUNT];
ID3D11RenderTargetView* m_renderTargetViewArray[BUFFER_COUNT];
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* m_shaderResourceViewArray[BUFFER_COUNT];
ID3D11Texture2D* m_depthStencilBuffer;
ID3D11DepthStencilView* m_depthStencilView;
D3D11_VIEWPORT m_viewport;
};
#endif
Deferredbuffersclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: deferredbuffersclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "deferredbuffersclass.h"
DeferredBuffersClass::DeferredBuffersClass()
{
int i;
for(i=0; i<BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
{
m_renderTargetTextureArray[i] = 0;
m_renderTargetViewArray[i] = 0;
m_shaderResourceViewArray[i] = 0;
}
m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;
m_depthStencilView = 0;
}
DeferredBuffersClass::DeferredBuffersClass(const DeferredBuffersClass& other)
{
}
DeferredBuffersClass::~DeferredBuffersClass()
{
}
bool DeferredBuffersClass::Initialize(ID3D11Device* device, int textureWidth, int textureHeight, float screenDepth, float screenNear)
{
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC textureDesc;
HRESULT result;
D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC renderTargetViewDesc;
D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC shaderResourceViewDesc;
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthBufferDesc;
D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc;
int i;
// Store the width and height of the render texture.
m_textureWidth = textureWidth;
m_textureHeight = textureHeight;
// Initialize the render target texture description.
ZeroMemory(&textureDesc, sizeof(textureDesc));
// Setup the render target texture description.
textureDesc.Width = textureWidth;
textureDesc.Height = textureHeight;
textureDesc.MipLevels = 1;
textureDesc.ArraySize = 1;
textureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
textureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
textureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
textureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE;
textureDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
textureDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
We now create an array of render target textures for the deferred shader to write to.
// Create the render target textures.
for(i=0; i<BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
{
result = device->CreateTexture2D(&textureDesc, NULL, &m_renderTargetTextureArray[i]);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
}
// Setup the description of the render target view.
renderTargetViewDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
renderTargetViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
renderTargetViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
We also create an array of render target views to access the render target textures through.
// Create the render target views.
for(i=0; i<BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
{
result = device->CreateRenderTargetView(m_renderTargetTextureArray[i], &renderTargetViewDesc, &m_renderTargetViewArray[i]);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
}
// Setup the description of the shader resource view.
shaderResourceViewDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
shaderResourceViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
shaderResourceViewDesc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
shaderResourceViewDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
We also create an array of shader resource views for the shaders to access the render target textures.
// Create the shader resource views.
for(i=0; i<BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
{
result = device->CreateShaderResourceView(m_renderTargetTextureArray[i], &shaderResourceViewDesc, &m_shaderResourceViewArray[i]);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
}
// Initialize the description of the depth buffer.
ZeroMemory(&depthBufferDesc, sizeof(depthBufferDesc));
// Set up the description of the depth buffer.
depthBufferDesc.Width = textureWidth;
depthBufferDesc.Height = textureHeight;
depthBufferDesc.MipLevels = 1;
depthBufferDesc.ArraySize = 1;
depthBufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
depthBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
depthBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
// Create the texture for the depth buffer using the filled out description.
result = device->CreateTexture2D(&depthBufferDesc, NULL, &m_depthStencilBuffer);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Initailze the depth stencil view description.
ZeroMemory(&depthStencilViewDesc, sizeof(depthStencilViewDesc));
// Set up the depth stencil view description.
depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
// Create the depth stencil view.
result = device->CreateDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilBuffer, &depthStencilViewDesc, &m_depthStencilView);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Setup the viewport for rendering.
m_viewport.Width = (float)textureWidth;
m_viewport.Height = (float)textureHeight;
m_viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
m_viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
m_viewport.TopLeftX = 0.0f;
m_viewport.TopLeftY = 0.0f;
return true;
}
void DeferredBuffersClass::Shutdown()
{
int i;
if(m_depthStencilView)
{
m_depthStencilView->Release();
m_depthStencilView = 0;
}
if(m_depthStencilBuffer)
{
m_depthStencilBuffer->Release();
m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;
}
for(i=0; i<BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
{
if(m_shaderResourceViewArray[i])
{
m_shaderResourceViewArray[i]->Release();
m_shaderResourceViewArray[i] = 0;
}
if(m_renderTargetViewArray[i])
{
m_renderTargetViewArray[i]->Release();
m_renderTargetViewArray[i] = 0;
}
if(m_renderTargetTextureArray[i])
{
m_renderTargetTextureArray[i]->Release();
m_renderTargetTextureArray[i] = 0;
}
}
return;
}
This function now sets all of the render targets in the array as the location for the shaders to write to (instead of writing to the back buffer or a single render texture target).
void DeferredBuffersClass::SetRenderTargets(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext)
{
// Bind the render target view array and depth stencil buffer to the output render pipeline.
deviceContext->OMSetRenderTargets(BUFFER_COUNT, m_renderTargetViewArray, m_depthStencilView);
// Set the viewport.
deviceContext->RSSetViewports(1, &m_viewport);
return;
}
The following function clears all of the render target buffers in the class object.
void DeferredBuffersClass::ClearRenderTargets(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
float color[4];
int i;
// Setup the color to clear the buffer to.
color[0] = red;
color[1] = green;
color[2] = blue;
color[3] = alpha;
// Clear the render target buffers.
for(i=0; i<BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
{
deviceContext->ClearRenderTargetView(m_renderTargetViewArray[i], color);
}
// Clear the depth buffer.
deviceContext->ClearDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0);
return;
}
GetShaderResourceView provides calling functions a pointer to a specific shader resource out of the array of render textures.
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* DeferredBuffersClass::GetShaderResourceView(int view)
{
return m_shaderResourceViewArray[view];
}
Deferred.vs
These are our deferred HLSL shaders.
We use these to render the scene data into render to texture buffers.
For the deferred vertex shader, it still does the exact same thing as in previous tutorials.
All the changes are actually in the pixel shader.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: deferred.vs
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////
// CONSTANT BUFFERS //
//////////////////////
cbuffer MatrixBuffer
{
matrix worldMatrix;
matrix viewMatrix;
matrix projectionMatrix;
};
//////////////
// TYPEDEFS //
//////////////
struct VertexInputType
{
float4 position : POSITION;
float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct PixelInputType
{
float4 position : SV_POSITION;
float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vertex Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
PixelInputType DeferredVertexShader(VertexInputType input)
{
PixelInputType output;
// Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations.
input.position.w = 1.0f;
// Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices.
output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix);
output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix);
output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix);
// Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader.
output.tex = input.tex;
// Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only.
output.normal = mul(input.normal, (float3x3)worldMatrix);
// Normalize the normal vector.
output.normal = normalize(output.normal);
return output;
}
Deferred.ps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: deferred.ps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////
// TEXTURES //
//////////////
Texture2D shaderTexture : register(t0);
///////////////////
// SAMPLE STATES //
///////////////////
SamplerState SampleTypeWrap : register(s0);
//////////////
// TYPEDEFS //
//////////////
struct PixelInputType
{
float4 position : SV_POSITION;
float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
We have a new structure for the pixel shader output.
This will output color data to the first render texture target, and normals to the second render texture target.
struct PixelOutputType
{
float4 color : SV_Target0;
float4 normal : SV_Target1;
};
The pixel shader now uses a different output type that we defined above instead of just outputting a single floating point color value.
It will now write to the two render targets defined in the struct.
We send the color texture pixel to the first render target, and we send the normals to the second render target.
The two textures that are output from this shader will then be used as the input data for all of our new re-written shaders.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Pixel Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
PixelOutputType DeferredPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET
{
PixelOutputType output;
// Sample the color from the texture and store it for output to the render target.
output.color = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleTypeWrap, input.tex);
// Store the normal for output to the render target.
output.normal = float4(input.normal, 1.0f);
return output;
}
Deferredshaderclass.h
This is the class that encapsulates the functionality of the deferred shader.
It doesn't vary much from the regular shaders.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: deferredshaderclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _DEFERREDSHADERCLASS_H_
#define _DEFERREDSHADERCLASS_H_
//////////////
// INCLUDES //
//////////////
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#include <directxmath.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace DirectX;
using namespace std;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: DeferredShaderClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class DeferredShaderClass
{
private:
struct MatrixBufferType
{
XMMATRIX world;
XMMATRIX view;
XMMATRIX projection;
};
public:
DeferredShaderClass();
DeferredShaderClass(const DeferredShaderClass&);
~DeferredShaderClass();
bool Initialize(ID3D11Device*, HWND);
void Shutdown();
bool Render(ID3D11DeviceContext*, int, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, ID3D11ShaderResourceView*);
private:
bool InitializeShader(ID3D11Device*, HWND, WCHAR*, WCHAR*);
void ShutdownShader();
void OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3D10Blob*, HWND, WCHAR*);
bool SetShaderParameters(ID3D11DeviceContext*, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, ID3D11ShaderResourceView*);
void RenderShader(ID3D11DeviceContext*, int);
private:
ID3D11VertexShader* m_vertexShader;
ID3D11PixelShader* m_pixelShader;
ID3D11InputLayout* m_layout;
ID3D11SamplerState* m_sampleStateWrap;
ID3D11Buffer* m_matrixBuffer;
};
#endif
Deferredshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: deferredshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "deferredshaderclass.h"
DeferredShaderClass::DeferredShaderClass()
{
m_vertexShader = 0;
m_pixelShader = 0;
m_layout = 0;
m_sampleStateWrap = 0;
m_matrixBuffer = 0;
}
DeferredShaderClass::DeferredShaderClass(const DeferredShaderClass& other)
{
}
DeferredShaderClass::~DeferredShaderClass()
{
}
bool DeferredShaderClass::Initialize(ID3D11Device* device, HWND hwnd)
{
wchar_t vsFilename[128], psFilename[128];
int error;
bool result;
Load the deferred vertex and pixel HLSL shader files.
// Set the filename of the vertex shader.
error = wcscpy_s(vsFilename, 128, L"../Engine/deferred.vs");
if(error != 0)
{
return false;
}
// Set the filename of the pixel shader.
error = wcscpy_s(psFilename, 128, L"../Engine/deferred.ps");
if(error != 0)
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the vertex and pixel shaders.
result = InitializeShader(device, hwnd, vsFilename, psFilename);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void DeferredShaderClass::Shutdown()
{
// Shutdown the vertex and pixel shaders as well as the related objects.
ShutdownShader();
return;
}
bool DeferredShaderClass::Render(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, int indexCount, XMMATRIX worldMatrix, XMMATRIX viewMatrix,
XMMATRIX projectionMatrix, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* texture)
{
bool result;
// Set the shader parameters that it will use for rendering.
result = SetShaderParameters(deviceContext, worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, texture);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
// Now render the prepared buffers with the shader.
RenderShader(deviceContext, indexCount);
return true;
}
bool DeferredShaderClass::InitializeShader(ID3D11Device* device, HWND hwnd, WCHAR* vsFilename, WCHAR* psFilename)
{
HRESULT result;
ID3D10Blob* errorMessage;
ID3D10Blob* vertexShaderBuffer;
ID3D10Blob* pixelShaderBuffer;
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC polygonLayout[3];
unsigned int numElements;
D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC samplerDesc;
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC matrixBufferDesc;
// Initialize the pointers this function will use to null.
errorMessage = 0;
vertexShaderBuffer = 0;
pixelShaderBuffer = 0;
// Compile the vertex shader code.
result = D3DCompileFromFile(vsFilename, NULL, NULL, "DeferredVertexShader", "vs_5_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0,
&vertexShaderBuffer, &errorMessage);
if(FAILED(result))
{
// If the shader failed to compile it should have writen something to the error message.
if(errorMessage)
{
OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, hwnd, vsFilename);
}
// If there was nothing in the error message then it simply could not find the shader file itself.
else
{
MessageBox(hwnd, vsFilename, L"Missing Shader File", MB_OK);
}
return false;
}
// Compile the pixel shader code.
result = D3DCompileFromFile(psFilename, NULL, NULL, "DeferredPixelShader", "ps_5_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0,
&pixelShaderBuffer, &errorMessage);
if(FAILED(result))
{
// If the shader failed to compile it should have writen something to the error message.
if(errorMessage)
{
OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, hwnd, psFilename);
}
// If there was nothing in the error message then it simply could not find the file itself.
else
{
MessageBox(hwnd, psFilename, L"Missing Shader File", MB_OK);
}
return false;
}
// Create the vertex shader from the buffer.
result = device->CreateVertexShader(vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &m_vertexShader);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Create the pixel shader from the buffer.
result = device->CreatePixelShader(pixelShaderBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), pixelShaderBuffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &m_pixelShader);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Create the vertex input layout description.
polygonLayout[0].SemanticName = "POSITION";
polygonLayout[0].SemanticIndex = 0;
polygonLayout[0].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
polygonLayout[0].InputSlot = 0;
polygonLayout[0].AlignedByteOffset = 0;
polygonLayout[0].InputSlotClass = D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
polygonLayout[0].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;
polygonLayout[1].SemanticName = "TEXCOORD";
polygonLayout[1].SemanticIndex = 0;
polygonLayout[1].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;
polygonLayout[1].InputSlot = 0;
polygonLayout[1].AlignedByteOffset = D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
polygonLayout[1].InputSlotClass = D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
polygonLayout[1].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;
polygonLayout[2].SemanticName = "NORMAL";
polygonLayout[2].SemanticIndex = 0;
polygonLayout[2].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
polygonLayout[2].InputSlot = 0;
polygonLayout[2].AlignedByteOffset = D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
polygonLayout[2].InputSlotClass = D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
polygonLayout[2].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;
// Get a count of the elements in the layout.
numElements = sizeof(polygonLayout) / sizeof(polygonLayout[0]);
// Create the vertex input layout.
result = device->CreateInputLayout(polygonLayout, numElements, vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferSize(),
&m_layout);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Release the vertex shader buffer and pixel shader buffer since they are no longer needed.
vertexShaderBuffer->Release();
vertexShaderBuffer = 0;
pixelShaderBuffer->Release();
pixelShaderBuffer = 0;
// Create a wrap texture sampler state description.
samplerDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
samplerDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
samplerDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
samplerDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
samplerDesc.MipLODBias = 0.0f;
samplerDesc.MaxAnisotropy = 1;
samplerDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[0] = 0;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[1] = 0;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[2] = 0;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[3] = 0;
samplerDesc.MinLOD = 0;
samplerDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;
// Create the texture sampler state.
result = device->CreateSamplerState(&samplerDesc, &m_sampleStateWrap);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Setup the description of the dynamic matrix constant buffer that is in the vertex shader.
matrixBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
matrixBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(MatrixBufferType);
matrixBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
matrixBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
matrixBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
matrixBufferDesc.StructureByteStride = 0;
// Create the constant buffer pointer so we can access the vertex shader constant buffer from within this class.
result = device->CreateBuffer(&matrixBufferDesc, NULL, &m_matrixBuffer);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void DeferredShaderClass::ShutdownShader()
{
// Release the matrix constant buffer.
if(m_matrixBuffer)
{
m_matrixBuffer->Release();
m_matrixBuffer = 0;
}
// Release the sampler state.
if(m_sampleStateWrap)
{
m_sampleStateWrap->Release();
m_sampleStateWrap = 0;
}
// Release the layout.
if(m_layout)
{
m_layout->Release();
m_layout = 0;
}
// Release the pixel shader.
if(m_pixelShader)
{
m_pixelShader->Release();
m_pixelShader = 0;
}
// Release the vertex shader.
if(m_vertexShader)
{
m_vertexShader->Release();
m_vertexShader = 0;
}
return;
}
void DeferredShaderClass::OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3D10Blob* errorMessage, HWND hwnd, WCHAR* shaderFilename)
{
char* compileErrors;
unsigned long long bufferSize, i;
ofstream fout;
// Get a pointer to the error message text buffer.
compileErrors = (char*)(errorMessage->GetBufferPointer());
// Get the length of the message.
bufferSize = errorMessage->GetBufferSize();
// Open a file to write the error message to.
fout.open("shader-error.txt");
// Write out the error message.
for(i=0; i<bufferSize; i++)
{
fout << compileErrors[i];
}
// Close the file.
fout.close();
// Release the error message.
errorMessage->Release();
errorMessage = 0;
// Pop a message up on the screen to notify the user to check the text file for compile errors.
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Error compiling shader. Check shader-error.txt for message.", shaderFilename, MB_OK);
return;
}
bool DeferredShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, XMMATRIX worldMatrix, XMMATRIX viewMatrix,
XMMATRIX projectionMatrix, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* texture)
{
HRESULT result;
D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource;
unsigned int bufferNumber;
MatrixBufferType* dataPtr;
// Transpose the matrices to prepare them for the shader.
worldMatrix = XMMatrixTranspose(worldMatrix);
viewMatrix = XMMatrixTranspose(viewMatrix);
projectionMatrix = XMMatrixTranspose(projectionMatrix);
// Lock the constant buffer so it can be written to.
result = deviceContext->Map(m_matrixBuffer, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Get a pointer to the data in the constant buffer.
dataPtr = (MatrixBufferType*)mappedResource.pData;
// Copy the matrices into the constant buffer.
dataPtr->world = worldMatrix;
dataPtr->view = viewMatrix;
dataPtr->projection = projectionMatrix;
// Unlock the constant buffer.
deviceContext->Unmap(m_matrixBuffer, 0);
// Set the position of the constant buffer in the vertex shader.
bufferNumber = 0;
// Now set the constant buffer in the vertex shader with the updated values.
deviceContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(bufferNumber, 1, &m_matrixBuffer);
// Set shader texture resource in the pixel shader.
deviceContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &texture);
return true;
}
void DeferredShaderClass::RenderShader(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, int indexCount)
{
// Set the vertex input layout.
deviceContext->IASetInputLayout(m_layout);
// Set the vertex and pixel shaders that will be used to render.
deviceContext->VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0);
deviceContext->PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0);
// Set the sampler states in the pixel shader.
deviceContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleStateWrap);
// Render the geometry.
deviceContext->DrawIndexed(indexCount, 0, 0);
return;
}
Light.vs
This is the directional light shader that has been re-written to handle deferred rendering.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: light.vs
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////
// GLOBALS //
/////////////
cbuffer MatrixBuffer
{
matrix worldMatrix;
matrix viewMatrix;
matrix projectionMatrix;
};
In the deferred light shader, we don't require normals in the structs since the normal data is in the render texture and we are only doing 2D post processing here.
//////////////
// TYPEDEFS //
//////////////
struct VertexInputType
{
float4 position : POSITION;
float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
};
struct PixelInputType
{
float4 position : SV_POSITION;
float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
};
The vertex shader will just forward the position and texture coordinates of the 2D image that we are processing.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vertex Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
PixelInputType LightVertexShader(VertexInputType input)
{
PixelInputType output;
// Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations.
input.position.w = 1.0f;
// Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices.
output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix);
output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix);
output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix);
// Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader.
output.tex = input.tex;
return output;
}
Light.ps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: light.ps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
As inputs it takes the two render textures that contain the color information and the normals from the deferred shader.
/////////////
// GLOBALS //
/////////////
Texture2D colorTexture : register(t0);
Texture2D normalTexture : register(t1);
We require a point sampler since we will be sampling out exact per-pixel data values from the two render textures.
///////////////////
// SAMPLE STATES //
///////////////////
SamplerState SampleTypePoint : register(s0);
//////////////////////
// CONSTANT BUFFERS //
//////////////////////
cbuffer LightBuffer
{
float3 lightDirection;
float padding;
};
//////////////
// TYPEDEFS //
//////////////
struct PixelInputType
{
float4 position : SV_POSITION;
float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Pixel Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
float4 LightPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET
{
float4 colors;
float4 normals;
float3 lightDir;
float lightIntensity;
float4 outputColor;
In the light pixel shader, we start by retrieving the color data and normals for this pixel using the point sampler.
// Sample the colors from the color render texture using the point sampler at this texture coordinate location.
colors = colorTexture.Sample(SampleTypePoint, input.tex);
// Sample the normals from the normal render texture using the point sampler at this texture coordinate location.
normals = normalTexture.Sample(SampleTypePoint, input.tex);
We can then perform our directional lighting equation using this sampled information.
// Invert the light direction for calculations.
lightDir = -lightDirection;
// Calculate the amount of light on this pixel.
lightIntensity = saturate(dot(normals.xyz, lightDir));
// Determine the final amount of diffuse color based on the color of the pixel combined with the light intensity.
outputColor = saturate(colors * lightIntensity);
return outputColor;
}
Lightshaderclass.h
The LightShaderClass has been re-written to handle deferred shading.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightshaderclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _LIGHTSHADERCLASS_H_
#define _LIGHTSHADERCLASS_H_
//////////////
// INCLUDES //
//////////////
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#include <directxmath.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace DirectX;
using namespace std;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: LightShaderClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class LightShaderClass
{
private:
struct MatrixBufferType
{
XMMATRIX world;
XMMATRIX view;
XMMATRIX projection;
};
struct LightBufferType
{
XMFLOAT3 lightDirection;
float padding;
};
public:
LightShaderClass();
LightShaderClass(const LightShaderClass&);
~LightShaderClass();
bool Initialize(ID3D11Device*, HWND);
void Shutdown();
bool Render(ID3D11DeviceContext*, int, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, ID3D11ShaderResourceView*, ID3D11ShaderResourceView*, XMFLOAT3);
private:
bool InitializeShader(ID3D11Device*, HWND, WCHAR*, WCHAR*);
void ShutdownShader();
void OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3D10Blob*, HWND, WCHAR*);
bool SetShaderParameters(ID3D11DeviceContext*, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, XMMATRIX, ID3D11ShaderResourceView*, ID3D11ShaderResourceView*, XMFLOAT3);
void RenderShader(ID3D11DeviceContext*, int);
private:
ID3D11VertexShader* m_vertexShader;
ID3D11PixelShader* m_pixelShader;
ID3D11InputLayout* m_layout;
ID3D11SamplerState* m_sampleState;
ID3D11Buffer* m_matrixBuffer;
ID3D11Buffer* m_lightBuffer;
};
#endif
Lightshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "lightshaderclass.h"
LightShaderClass::LightShaderClass()
{
m_vertexShader = 0;
m_pixelShader = 0;
m_layout = 0;
m_sampleState = 0;
m_matrixBuffer = 0;
m_lightBuffer = 0;
}
LightShaderClass::LightShaderClass(const LightShaderClass& other)
{
}
LightShaderClass::~LightShaderClass()
{
}
bool LightShaderClass::Initialize(ID3D11Device* device, HWND hwnd)
{
wchar_t vsFilename[128], psFilename[128];
int error;
bool result;
// Set the filename of the vertex shader.
error = wcscpy_s(vsFilename, 128, L"../Engine/light.vs");
if(error != 0)
{
return false;
}
// Set the filename of the pixel shader.
error = wcscpy_s(psFilename, 128, L"../Engine/light.ps");
if(error != 0)
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the vertex and pixel shaders.
result = InitializeShader(device, hwnd, vsFilename, psFilename);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void LightShaderClass::Shutdown()
{
// Shutdown the vertex and pixel shaders as well as the related objects.
ShutdownShader();
return;
}
bool LightShaderClass::Render(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, int indexCount, XMMATRIX worldMatrix, XMMATRIX viewMatrix,
XMMATRIX projectionMatrix, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* colorTexture, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* normalTexture,
XMFLOAT3 lightDirection)
{
bool result;
// Set the shader parameters that it will use for rendering.
result = SetShaderParameters(deviceContext, worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, colorTexture, normalTexture, lightDirection);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
// Now render the prepared buffers with the shader.
RenderShader(deviceContext, indexCount);
return true;
}
bool LightShaderClass::InitializeShader(ID3D11Device* device, HWND hwnd, WCHAR* vsFilename, WCHAR* psFilename)
{
HRESULT result;
ID3D10Blob* errorMessage;
ID3D10Blob* vertexShaderBuffer;
ID3D10Blob* pixelShaderBuffer;
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC polygonLayout[2];
unsigned int numElements;
D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC samplerDesc;
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC matrixBufferDesc;
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC lightBufferDesc;
// Initialize the pointers this function will use to null.
errorMessage = 0;
vertexShaderBuffer = 0;
pixelShaderBuffer = 0;
// Compile the vertex shader code.
result = D3DCompileFromFile(vsFilename, NULL, NULL, "LightVertexShader", "vs_5_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0,
&vertexShaderBuffer, &errorMessage);
if(FAILED(result))
{
// If the shader failed to compile it should have writen something to the error message.
if(errorMessage)
{
OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, hwnd, vsFilename);
}
// If there was nothing in the error message then it simply could not find the shader file itself.
else
{
MessageBox(hwnd, vsFilename, L"Missing Shader File", MB_OK);
}
return false;
}
// Compile the pixel shader code.
result = D3DCompileFromFile(psFilename, NULL, NULL, "LightPixelShader", "ps_5_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0,
&pixelShaderBuffer, &errorMessage);
if(FAILED(result))
{
// If the shader failed to compile it should have writen something to the error message.
if(errorMessage)
{
OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, hwnd, psFilename);
}
// If there was nothing in the error message then it simply could not find the file itself.
else
{
MessageBox(hwnd, psFilename, L"Missing Shader File", MB_OK);
}
return false;
}
// Create the vertex shader from the buffer.
result = device->CreateVertexShader(vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &m_vertexShader);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Create the pixel shader from the buffer.
result = device->CreatePixelShader(pixelShaderBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), pixelShaderBuffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &m_pixelShader);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
The polygon layout now only requires position and texture coordinates since we are doing 2D post processing.
// Create the vertex input layout description.
polygonLayout[0].SemanticName = "POSITION";
polygonLayout[0].SemanticIndex = 0;
polygonLayout[0].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
polygonLayout[0].InputSlot = 0;
polygonLayout[0].AlignedByteOffset = 0;
polygonLayout[0].InputSlotClass = D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
polygonLayout[0].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;
polygonLayout[1].SemanticName = "TEXCOORD";
polygonLayout[1].SemanticIndex = 0;
polygonLayout[1].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;
polygonLayout[1].InputSlot = 0;
polygonLayout[1].AlignedByteOffset = D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
polygonLayout[1].InputSlotClass = D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
polygonLayout[1].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;
// Get a count of the elements in the layout.
numElements = sizeof(polygonLayout) / sizeof(polygonLayout[0]);
// Create the vertex input layout.
result = device->CreateInputLayout(polygonLayout, numElements, vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), vertexShaderBuffer->GetBufferSize(),
&m_layout);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Release the vertex shader buffer and pixel shader buffer since they are no longer needed.
vertexShaderBuffer->Release();
vertexShaderBuffer = 0;
pixelShaderBuffer->Release();
pixelShaderBuffer = 0;
// Create a texture sampler state description.
samplerDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_POINT;
samplerDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_CLAMP;
samplerDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_CLAMP;
samplerDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_CLAMP;
samplerDesc.MipLODBias = 0.0f;
samplerDesc.MaxAnisotropy = 1;
samplerDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[0] = 0;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[1] = 0;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[2] = 0;
samplerDesc.BorderColor[3] = 0;
samplerDesc.MinLOD = 0;
samplerDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;
// Create the texture sampler state.
result = device->CreateSamplerState(&samplerDesc, &m_sampleState);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Setup the description of the dynamic matrix constant buffer that is in the vertex shader.
matrixBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
matrixBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(MatrixBufferType);
matrixBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
matrixBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
matrixBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
matrixBufferDesc.StructureByteStride = 0;
// Create the constant buffer pointer so we can access the vertex shader constant buffer from within this class.
result = device->CreateBuffer(&matrixBufferDesc, NULL, &m_matrixBuffer);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Setup the description of the light dynamic constant buffer that is in the pixel shader.
lightBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
lightBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(LightBufferType);
lightBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
lightBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
lightBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
lightBufferDesc.StructureByteStride = 0;
// Create the constant buffer pointer so we can access the pixel shader constant buffer from within this class.
result = device->CreateBuffer(&lightBufferDesc, NULL, &m_lightBuffer);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void LightShaderClass::ShutdownShader()
{
// Release the light constant buffer.
if(m_lightBuffer)
{
m_lightBuffer->Release();
m_lightBuffer = 0;
}
// Release the matrix constant buffer.
if(m_matrixBuffer)
{
m_matrixBuffer->Release();
m_matrixBuffer = 0;
}
// Release the sampler state.
if(m_sampleState)
{
m_sampleState->Release();
m_sampleState = 0;
}
// Release the layout.
if(m_layout)
{
m_layout->Release();
m_layout = 0;
}
// Release the pixel shader.
if(m_pixelShader)
{
m_pixelShader->Release();
m_pixelShader = 0;
}
// Release the vertex shader.
if(m_vertexShader)
{
m_vertexShader->Release();
m_vertexShader = 0;
}
return;
}
void LightShaderClass::OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3D10Blob* errorMessage, HWND hwnd, WCHAR* shaderFilename)
{
char* compileErrors;
unsigned long long bufferSize, i;
ofstream fout;
// Get a pointer to the error message text buffer.
compileErrors = (char*)(errorMessage->GetBufferPointer());
// Get the length of the message.
bufferSize = errorMessage->GetBufferSize();
// Open a file to write the error message to.
fout.open("shader-error.txt");
// Write out the error message.
for(i=0; i<bufferSize; i++)
{
fout << compileErrors[i];
}
// Close the file.
fout.close();
// Release the error message.
errorMessage->Release();
errorMessage = 0;
// Pop a message up on the screen to notify the user to check the text file for compile errors.
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Error compiling shader. Check shader-error.txt for message.", shaderFilename, MB_OK);
return;
}
bool LightShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, XMMATRIX worldMatrix, XMMATRIX viewMatrix,
XMMATRIX projectionMatrix, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* colorTexture,
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* normalTexture, XMFLOAT3 lightDirection)
{
HRESULT result;
D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource;
unsigned int bufferNumber;
MatrixBufferType* dataPtr;
LightBufferType* dataPtr2;
// Transpose the matrices to prepare them for the shader.
worldMatrix = XMMatrixTranspose(worldMatrix);
viewMatrix = XMMatrixTranspose(viewMatrix);
projectionMatrix = XMMatrixTranspose(projectionMatrix);
// Lock the constant buffer so it can be written to.
result = deviceContext->Map(m_matrixBuffer, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Get a pointer to the data in the constant buffer.
dataPtr = (MatrixBufferType*)mappedResource.pData;
// Copy the matrices into the constant buffer.
dataPtr->world = worldMatrix;
dataPtr->view = viewMatrix;
dataPtr->projection = projectionMatrix;
// Unlock the constant buffer.
deviceContext->Unmap(m_matrixBuffer, 0);
// Set the position of the constant buffer in the vertex shader.
bufferNumber = 0;
// Now set the constant buffer in the vertex shader with the updated values.
deviceContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(bufferNumber, 1, &m_matrixBuffer);
Most importantly the shader now takes in two render to textures that contain the color and normal data.
The two deferred textures are set in the shader here.
// Set shader texture resources in the pixel shader.
deviceContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &colorTexture);
deviceContext->PSSetShaderResources(1, 1, &normalTexture);
// Lock the light constant buffer so it can be written to.
result = deviceContext->Map(m_lightBuffer, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
// Get a pointer to the data in the constant buffer.
dataPtr2 = (LightBufferType*)mappedResource.pData;
// Copy the lighting variables into the constant buffer.
dataPtr2->lightDirection = lightDirection;
dataPtr2->padding = 0.0f;
// Unlock the constant buffer.
deviceContext->Unmap(m_lightBuffer, 0);
// Set the position of the light constant buffer in the pixel shader.
bufferNumber = 0;
// Finally set the light constant buffer in the pixel shader with the updated values.
deviceContext->PSSetConstantBuffers(bufferNumber, 1, &m_lightBuffer);
return true;
}
void LightShaderClass::RenderShader(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, int indexCount)
{
// Set the vertex input layout.
deviceContext->IASetInputLayout(m_layout);
// Set the vertex and pixel shaders that will be used to render.
deviceContext->VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0);
deviceContext->PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0);
// Set the sampler state in the pixel shader.
deviceContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState);
// Render the geometry.
deviceContext->DrawIndexed(indexCount, 0, 0);
return;
}
Applicationclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: applicationclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _APPLICATIONCLASS_H_
#define _APPLICATIONCLASS_H_
/////////////
// GLOBALS //
/////////////
const bool FULL_SCREEN = false;
const bool VSYNC_ENABLED = true;
const float SCREEN_NEAR = 0.3f;
const float SCREEN_DEPTH = 1000.0f;
///////////////////////
// MY CLASS INCLUDES //
///////////////////////
#include "d3dclass.h"
#include "inputclass.h"
#include "cameraclass.h"
#include "lightclass.h"
#include "modelclass.h"
#include "orthowindowclass.h"
#include "deferredbuffersclass.h"
#include "deferredshaderclass.h"
#include "lightshaderclass.h"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: ApplicationClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class ApplicationClass
{
public:
ApplicationClass();
ApplicationClass(const ApplicationClass&);
~ApplicationClass();
bool Initialize(int, int, HWND);
void Shutdown();
bool Frame(InputClass*);
private:
bool RenderSceneToTexture(float);
bool Render();
private:
D3DClass* m_Direct3D;
CameraClass* m_Camera;
We have a regular directional light object.
LightClass* m_Light;
We have the cube model that we will be rendering.
ModelClass* m_Model;
This is the 2D window that will be used to do the post processing on with the new deferred light shader.
OrthoWindowClass* m_FullScreenWindow;
This is the deferred buffers object that will contain the two render to textures containing the deferred rendering information for the colors and the normals.
DeferredBuffersClass* m_DeferredBuffers;
And we have our deferred shader and the re-written directional light shader.
DeferredShaderClass* m_DeferredShader;
LightShaderClass* m_LightShader;
};
#endif
Applicationclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: applicationclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "applicationclass.h"
ApplicationClass::ApplicationClass()
{
m_Direct3D = 0;
m_Camera = 0;
m_Light = 0;
m_Model = 0;
m_FullScreenWindow = 0;
m_DeferredBuffers = 0;
m_DeferredShader = 0;
m_LightShader = 0;
}
ApplicationClass::ApplicationClass(const ApplicationClass& other)
{
}
ApplicationClass::~ApplicationClass()
{
}
bool ApplicationClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)
{
char modelFilename[128], textureFilename[128];
bool result;
// Create and initialize the Direct3D object.
m_Direct3D = new D3DClass;
result = m_Direct3D->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, VSYNC_ENABLED, hwnd, FULL_SCREEN, SCREEN_DEPTH, SCREEN_NEAR);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize Direct3D.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the camera object.
m_Camera = new CameraClass;
m_Camera->SetPosition(0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f);
m_Camera->Render();
m_Camera->RenderBaseViewMatrix();
// Create and initialize the light object.
m_Light = new LightClass;
m_Light->SetDiffuseColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
m_Light->SetDirection(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// Create and initialize the cube model object.
m_Model = new ModelClass;
strcpy_s(modelFilename, "../Engine/data/cube.txt");
strcpy_s(textureFilename, "../Engine/data/stone01.tga");
result = m_Model->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext(), modelFilename, textureFilename);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the model object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the full screen ortho window object.
m_FullScreenWindow = new OrthoWindowClass;
result = m_FullScreenWindow->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), screenWidth, screenHeight);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the full screen ortho window object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the deferred buffers object.
m_DeferredBuffers = new DeferredBuffersClass;
result = m_DeferredBuffers->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), screenWidth, screenHeight, SCREEN_DEPTH, SCREEN_NEAR);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the deferred buffers object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the deferred shader object.
m_DeferredShader = new DeferredShaderClass;
result = m_DeferredShader->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), hwnd);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the deferred shader object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the light shader object.
m_LightShader = new LightShaderClass;
result = m_LightShader->Initialize(m_Direct3D->GetDevice(), hwnd);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the light shader object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
return false;
}
return true;
}
void ApplicationClass::Shutdown()
{
// Release the light shader object.
if(m_LightShader)
{
m_LightShader->Shutdown();
delete m_LightShader;
m_LightShader = 0;
}
// Release the deferred shader object.
if(m_DeferredShader)
{
m_DeferredShader->Shutdown();
delete m_DeferredShader;
m_DeferredShader = 0;
}
// Release the deferred buffers object.
if(m_DeferredBuffers)
{
m_DeferredBuffers->Shutdown();
delete m_DeferredBuffers;
m_DeferredBuffers = 0;
}
// Release the full screen ortho window object.
if(m_FullScreenWindow)
{
m_FullScreenWindow->Shutdown();
delete m_FullScreenWindow;
m_FullScreenWindow = 0;
}
// Release the cube model object.
if(m_Model)
{
m_Model->Shutdown();
delete m_Model;
m_Model = 0;
}
// Release the light object.
if(m_Light)
{
delete m_Light;
m_Light = 0;
}
// Release the camera object.
if(m_Camera)
{
delete m_Camera;
m_Camera = 0;
}
// Release the Direct3D object.
if(m_Direct3D)
{
m_Direct3D->Shutdown();
delete m_Direct3D;
m_Direct3D = 0;
}
return;
}
bool ApplicationClass::Frame(InputClass* Input)
{
static float rotation = 0.0f;
bool result;
// Check if the escape key has been pressed, if so quit.
if(Input->IsEscapePressed() == true)
{
return false;
}
// Update the rotation variable each frame.
rotation -= 0.0174532925f * 0.25f;
if(rotation < 0.0f)
{
rotation += 360.0f;
}
First thing we need to do is render the scene using the deferred shader. This is done here in the RenderSceneToTexture function.
// Render the scene to the render buffers.
result = RenderSceneToTexture(rotation);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
// Render the final graphics scene.
result = Render();
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool ApplicationClass::RenderSceneToTexture(float rotation)
{
XMMATRIX worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix;
bool result;
Set the deferred render to texture buffers as the render target and then clear them before rendering.
// Set the render buffers to be the render target.
m_DeferredBuffers->SetRenderTargets(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext());
// Clear the render buffers.
m_DeferredBuffers->ClearRenderTargets(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext(), 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
Render the scene of the spinning cube using the deferred shader.
// Get the matrices from the camera and d3d objects.
m_Direct3D->GetWorldMatrix(worldMatrix);
m_Camera->GetViewMatrix(viewMatrix);
m_Direct3D->GetProjectionMatrix(projectionMatrix);
// Rotate the world matrix by the rotation value so that the cube will spin.
worldMatrix = XMMatrixRotationY(rotation);
// Put the model vertex and index buffers on the graphics pipeline to prepare them for drawing.
m_Model->Render(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext());
// Render the model using the deferred shader.
result = m_DeferredShader->Render(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext(), m_Model->GetIndexCount(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, m_Model->GetTexture());
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
Set the render target back to the back buffer.
// Reset the render target back to the original back buffer and not the render buffers anymore. And reset the viewport back to the original.
m_Direct3D->SetBackBufferRenderTarget();
m_Direct3D->ResetViewport();
return true;
}
bool ApplicationClass::Render()
{
XMMATRIX worldMatrix, baseViewMatrix, orthoMatrix;
bool result;
// Clear the buffers to begin the scene.
m_Direct3D->BeginScene(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
Setup the scene for 2D rendering.
// Get the matrices from the camera and d3d objects.
m_Direct3D->GetWorldMatrix(worldMatrix);
m_Camera->GetBaseViewMatrix(baseViewMatrix);
m_Direct3D->GetOrthoMatrix(orthoMatrix);
// Turn off the Z buffer to begin all 2D rendering.
m_Direct3D->TurnZBufferOff();
// Put the full screen ortho window vertex and index buffers on the graphics pipeline to prepare them for drawing.
m_FullScreenWindow->Render(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext());
Now that the scene was rendered with the deferred shader, we can use the render to texture buffers to render the directional light.
We use the re-written light shader as a 2D post processing operation.
// Render the full screen ortho window using the deferred light shader and the render buffers.
result = m_LightShader->Render(m_Direct3D->GetDeviceContext(), m_FullScreenWindow->GetIndexCount(), worldMatrix, baseViewMatrix, orthoMatrix,
m_DeferredBuffers->GetShaderResourceView(0), m_DeferredBuffers->GetShaderResourceView(1), m_Light->GetDirection());
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
// Turn the Z buffer back on now that all 2D rendering has completed.
m_Direct3D->TurnZBufferOn();
// Present the rendered scene to the screen.
m_Direct3D->EndScene();
return true;
}
Summary
We can now render using deferred shading.
To Do Exercises
1. Compile and run the program to see a rotating cube rendered using deferred shading. Press escape to quit.
2. Create a point light deferred shader.
3. Add hundreds of point lights to the scene.
4. Look at compressing the data and using smaller/less render textures.
5. Convert some of the other shaders to use deferred shading such as normal mapping and shadows.
Source Code
Source Code and Data Files: dx11win10tut50_src.zip
