This tutorial will be an introduction to using specular lighting in OpenGL 4.0 with GLSL.
The code in this tutorial builds on the code from the previous tutorial.
Specular lighting is the use of bright spot highlights to give visual clues for light source locations.
For example, a red sphere with just ambient and diffuse lighting looks like the following:
Now if we add a white specular highlight, we get the following result:
Specular lighting is most commonly used to give light reflection off of metallic surfaces such as mirrors and highly polished/reflective metal surfaces.
It is also used on other materials such as reflecting sunlight off of water.
Used well it can add a degree of photo realism to most 3D scenes.
The equation for specular lighting is the following:
SpecularLighting = SpecularColor * (SpecularColorOfLight * ((NormalVector dot HalfWayVector) power SpecularReflectionPower) * Attentuation * Spotlight)
We will modify the equation to produce just the basic specular lighting effect as follows:
SpecularLighting = SpecularLightColor * (ViewingDirection dot ReflectionVector) power SpecularReflectionPower
The reflection vector in this equation has to be produced by multiplying double the light intensity by the vertex normal.
The direction of the light is subtracted which then gives the reflection vector between the light source and the viewing angle:
ReflectionVector = 2 * LightIntensity * VertexNormal - LightDirection
The viewing direction in the equation is produced by subtracting the location of the camera by the position of the vertex:
ViewingDirection = CameraPosition - VertexPosition
Let's take a look at the modified light shader to see how this is implemented:
Light.vs
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: light.vs
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#version 400
/////////////////////
// INPUT VARIABLES //
/////////////////////
in vec3 inputPosition;
in vec2 inputTexCoord;
in vec3 inputNormal;
We add an output variable for the viewing direction.
This needs to be calculated in the vertex shader and then sent into the pixel shader for specular lighting calculations.
//////////////////////
// OUTPUT VARIABLES //
//////////////////////
out vec2 texCoord;
out vec3 normal;
out vec3 viewDirection;
We add a new input variable to hold the camera information.
In this shader we require the position of the camera to determine where this vertex is being viewed from for specular calculations.
///////////////////////
// UNIFORM VARIABLES //
///////////////////////
uniform mat4 worldMatrix;
uniform mat4 viewMatrix;
uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;
uniform vec3 cameraPosition;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vertex Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void main(void)
{
vec4 worldPosition;
// Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices.
gl_Position = vec4(inputPosition, 1.0f) * worldMatrix;
gl_Position = gl_Position * viewMatrix;
gl_Position = gl_Position * projectionMatrix;
// Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader.
texCoord = inputTexCoord;
// Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only.
normal = inputNormal * mat3(worldMatrix);
// Normalize the normal vector.
normal = normalize(normal);
The viewing direction is calculated here in the vertex shader.
We calculate the world position of the vertex and subtract that from the camera position to determine where we are viewing the scene from.
The final value is normalized and sent into the pixel shader.
// Calculate the position of the vertex in the world.
worldPosition = vec4(inputPosition, 1.0f) * worldMatrix;
// Determine the viewing direction based on the position of the camera and the position of the vertex in the world.
viewDirection = cameraPosition.xyz - worldPosition.xyz;
// Normalize the viewing direction vector.
viewDirection = normalize(viewDirection);
}
Light.ps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: light.ps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#version 400
The input view direction that comes from the vertex shader is added here.
/////////////////////
// INPUT VARIABLES //
/////////////////////
in vec2 texCoord;
in vec3 normal;
in vec3 viewDirection;
//////////////////////
// OUTPUT VARIABLES //
//////////////////////
out vec4 outputColor;
The pixel shader has new input variables for specularColor and specularPower values.
These are used for specular lighting calculations.
///////////////////////
// UNIFORM VARIABLES //
///////////////////////
uniform sampler2D shaderTexture;
uniform vec3 lightDirection;
uniform vec4 diffuseLightColor;
uniform vec4 ambientLight;
uniform float specularPower;
uniform vec4 specularColor;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Pixel Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void main(void)
{
vec4 textureColor;
vec4 color;
vec3 lightDir;
float lightIntensity;
vec3 reflection;
vec4 specular;
float specValue;
// Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location.
textureColor = texture(shaderTexture, texCoord);
// Set the default output color to the ambient light value for all pixels.
color = ambientLight;
// Initialize the specular color.
specular = vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// Invert the light direction for calculations.
lightDir = -lightDirection;
// Calculate the amount of light on this pixel.
lightIntensity = clamp(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0f, 1.0f);
if(lightIntensity > 0.0f)
{
// Determine the final diffuse color based on the diffuse color and the amount of light intensity.
color += (diffuseLightColor * lightIntensity);
// Clamp the combined ambient and diffuse color.
color = clamp(color, 0.0f, 1.0f);
The reflection vector for specular lighting is calculated here in the pixel shader provided the light intensity is greater than zero.
This is the same equation as listed at the beginning of the tutorial.
// Calculate the reflection vector based on the light intensity, normal vector, and light direction.
reflection = normalize(2.0f * lightIntensity * normal - lightDir);
The amount of specular light is then calculated using the reflection vector and the viewing direction.
The smaller the angle between the viewer and the light source the greater the specular light reflection will be.
The result is taken to the power of the specularPower value.
The lower the specularPower value the greater the final effect is.
// Determine the amount of specular light based on the reflection vector, viewing direction, and specular power.
specValue = pow(clamp(dot(reflection, viewDirection), 0.0f, 1.0f), specularPower);
specular = vec4(specValue, specValue, specValue, 1.0f);
Here we modify the specular light to use the input specular color.
// Multiply the amount of specular light by the input specular color to get the final specular color value.
specular = specular * specularColor;
}
// Multiply the texture pixel and the final diffuse color to get the final pixel color result.
color = color * textureColor;
We add the specular effect at the very end.
It is a highlight and needs to be added to the final value or it will not show up properly.
// Add the specular component last to the output color.
outputColor = clamp(color + specular, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
Lightshaderclass.h
The LightShaderClass has been modified from the previous tutorial to handle specular lighting now.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightshaderclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _LIGHTSHADERCLASS_H_
#define _LIGHTSHADERCLASS_H_
//////////////
// INCLUDES //
//////////////
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
///////////////////////
// MY CLASS INCLUDES //
///////////////////////
#include "openglclass.h"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: LightShaderClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class LightShaderClass
{
public:
LightShaderClass();
LightShaderClass(const LightShaderClass&);
~LightShaderClass();
bool Initialize(OpenGLClass*);
void Shutdown();
bool SetShaderParameters(float*, float*, float*, float*, float*, float*, float*, float*, float);
private:
bool InitializeShader(char*, char*);
void ShutdownShader();
char* LoadShaderSourceFile(char*);
void OutputShaderErrorMessage(unsigned int, char*);
void OutputLinkerErrorMessage(unsigned int);
private:
OpenGLClass* m_OpenGLPtr;
unsigned int m_vertexShader;
unsigned int m_fragmentShader;
unsigned int m_shaderProgram;
};
#endif
Lightshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "lightshaderclass.h"
LightShaderClass::LightShaderClass()
{
m_OpenGLPtr = 0;
}
LightShaderClass::LightShaderClass(const LightShaderClass& other)
{
}
LightShaderClass::~LightShaderClass()
{
}
bool LightShaderClass::Initialize(OpenGLClass* OpenGL)
{
char vsFilename[128];
char psFilename[128];
bool result;
// Store the pointer to the OpenGL object.
m_OpenGLPtr = OpenGL;
// Set the location and names of the shader files.
strcpy(vsFilename, "../Engine/light.vs");
strcpy(psFilename, "../Engine/light.ps");
// Initialize the vertex and pixel shaders.
result = InitializeShader(vsFilename, psFilename);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void LightShaderClass::Shutdown()
{
// Shutdown the shader.
ShutdownShader();
// Release the pointer to the OpenGL object.
m_OpenGLPtr = 0;
return;
}
bool LightShaderClass::InitializeShader(char* vsFilename, char* fsFilename)
{
const char* vertexShaderBuffer;
const char* fragmentShaderBuffer;
int status;
// Load the vertex shader source file into a text buffer.
vertexShaderBuffer = LoadShaderSourceFile(vsFilename);
if(!vertexShaderBuffer)
{
return false;
}
// Load the fragment shader source file into a text buffer.
fragmentShaderBuffer = LoadShaderSourceFile(fsFilename);
if(!fragmentShaderBuffer)
{
return false;
}
// Create a vertex and fragment shader object.
m_vertexShader = m_OpenGLPtr->glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
m_fragmentShader = m_OpenGLPtr->glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
// Copy the shader source code strings into the vertex and fragment shader objects.
m_OpenGLPtr->glShaderSource(m_vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderBuffer, NULL);
m_OpenGLPtr->glShaderSource(m_fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderBuffer, NULL);
// Release the vertex and fragment shader buffers.
delete [] vertexShaderBuffer;
vertexShaderBuffer = 0;
delete [] fragmentShaderBuffer;
fragmentShaderBuffer = 0;
// Compile the shaders.
m_OpenGLPtr->glCompileShader(m_vertexShader);
m_OpenGLPtr->glCompileShader(m_fragmentShader);
// Check to see if the vertex shader compiled successfully.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetShaderiv(m_vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
if(status != 1)
{
// If it did not compile then write the syntax error message out to a text file for review.
OutputShaderErrorMessage(m_vertexShader, vsFilename);
return false;
}
// Check to see if the fragment shader compiled successfully.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetShaderiv(m_fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
if(status != 1)
{
// If it did not compile then write the syntax error message out to a text file for review.
OutputShaderErrorMessage(m_fragmentShader, fsFilename);
return false;
}
// Create a shader program object.
m_shaderProgram = m_OpenGLPtr->glCreateProgram();
// Attach the vertex and fragment shader to the program object.
m_OpenGLPtr->glAttachShader(m_shaderProgram, m_vertexShader);
m_OpenGLPtr->glAttachShader(m_shaderProgram, m_fragmentShader);
// Bind the shader input variables.
m_OpenGLPtr->glBindAttribLocation(m_shaderProgram, 0, "inputPosition");
m_OpenGLPtr->glBindAttribLocation(m_shaderProgram, 1, "inputTexCoord");
m_OpenGLPtr->glBindAttribLocation(m_shaderProgram, 2, "inputNormal");
// Link the shader program.
m_OpenGLPtr->glLinkProgram(m_shaderProgram);
// Check the status of the link.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetProgramiv(m_shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);
if(status != 1)
{
// If it did not link then write the syntax error message out to a text file for review.
OutputLinkerErrorMessage(m_shaderProgram);
return false;
}
return true;
}
void LightShaderClass::ShutdownShader()
{
// Detach the vertex and fragment shaders from the program.
m_OpenGLPtr->glDetachShader(m_shaderProgram, m_vertexShader);
m_OpenGLPtr->glDetachShader(m_shaderProgram, m_fragmentShader);
// Delete the vertex and fragment shaders.
m_OpenGLPtr->glDeleteShader(m_vertexShader);
m_OpenGLPtr->glDeleteShader(m_fragmentShader);
// Delete the shader program.
m_OpenGLPtr->glDeleteProgram(m_shaderProgram);
return;
}
char* LightShaderClass::LoadShaderSourceFile(char* filename)
{
FILE* filePtr;
char* buffer;
long fileSize, count;
int error;
// Open the shader file for reading in text modee.
filePtr = fopen(filename, "r");
if(filePtr == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
// Go to the end of the file and get the size of the file.
fseek(filePtr, 0, SEEK_END);
fileSize = ftell(filePtr);
// Initialize the buffer to read the shader source file into, adding 1 for an extra null terminator.
buffer = new char[fileSize + 1];
// Return the file pointer back to the beginning of the file.
fseek(filePtr, 0, SEEK_SET);
// Read the shader text file into the buffer.
count = fread(buffer, 1, fileSize, filePtr);
if(count != fileSize)
{
return 0;
}
// Close the file.
error = fclose(filePtr);
if(error != 0)
{
return 0;
}
// Null terminate the buffer.
buffer[fileSize] = '\0';
return buffer;
}
void LightShaderClass::OutputShaderErrorMessage(unsigned int shaderId, char* shaderFilename)
{
long count;
int logSize, error;
char* infoLog;
FILE* filePtr;
// Get the size of the string containing the information log for the failed shader compilation message.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetShaderiv(shaderId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logSize);
// Increment the size by one to handle also the null terminator.
logSize++;
// Create a char buffer to hold the info log.
infoLog = new char[logSize];
// Now retrieve the info log.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderId, logSize, NULL, infoLog);
// Open a text file to write the error message to.
filePtr = fopen("shader-error.txt", "w");
if(filePtr == NULL)
{
cout << "Error opening shader error message output file." << endl;
return;
}
// Write out the error message.
count = fwrite(infoLog, sizeof(char), logSize, filePtr);
if(count != logSize)
{
cout << "Error writing shader error message output file." << endl;
return;
}
// Close the file.
error = fclose(filePtr);
if(error != 0)
{
cout << "Error closing shader error message output file." << endl;
return;
}
// Notify the user to check the text file for compile errors.
cout << "Error compiling shader. Check shader-error.txt for error message. Shader filename: " << shaderFilename << endl;
return;
}
void LightShaderClass::OutputLinkerErrorMessage(unsigned int programId)
{
long count;
FILE* filePtr;
int logSize, error;
char* infoLog;
// Get the size of the string containing the information log for the failed shader compilation message.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &logSize);
// Increment the size by one to handle also the null terminator.
logSize++;
// Create a char buffer to hold the info log.
infoLog = new char[logSize];
// Now retrieve the info log.
m_OpenGLPtr->glGetProgramInfoLog(programId, logSize, NULL, infoLog);
// Open a file to write the error message to.
filePtr = fopen("linker-error.txt", "w");
if(filePtr == NULL)
{
cout << "Error opening linker error message output file." << endl;
return;
}
// Write out the error message.
count = fwrite(infoLog, sizeof(char), logSize, filePtr);
if(count != logSize)
{
cout << "Error writing linker error message output file." << endl;
return;
}
// Close the file.
error = fclose(filePtr);
if(error != 0)
{
cout << "Error closing linker error message output file." << endl;
return;
}
// Pop a message up on the screen to notify the user to check the text file for linker errors.
cout << "Error linking shader program. Check linker-error.txt for message." << endl;
return;
}
The SetShaderParameters function has been modified to take as input cameraPosition, specularColor, and specularPower.
bool LightShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(float* worldMatrix, float* viewMatrix, float* projectionMatrix, float* lightDirection, float* diffuseLightColor, float* ambientLight,
float* cameraPosition, float* specularColor, float specularPower)
{
float tpWorldMatrix[16], tpViewMatrix[16], tpProjectionMatrix[16];
int location;
// Transpose the matrices to prepare them for the shader.
m_OpenGLPtr->MatrixTranspose(tpWorldMatrix, worldMatrix);
m_OpenGLPtr->MatrixTranspose(tpViewMatrix, viewMatrix);
m_OpenGLPtr->MatrixTranspose(tpProjectionMatrix, projectionMatrix);
// Install the shader program as part of the current rendering state.
m_OpenGLPtr->glUseProgram(m_shaderProgram);
// Set the world matrix in the vertex shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "worldMatrix");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "World matrix not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr ->glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, false, tpWorldMatrix);
// Set the view matrix in the vertex shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "viewMatrix");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "View matrix not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, false, tpViewMatrix);
// Set the projection matrix in the vertex shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "projectionMatrix");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Projection matrix not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, false, tpProjectionMatrix);
Here we set the camera position in the vertex shader.
// Set the camera position in the vertex shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "cameraPosition");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Camera position not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform3fv(location, 1, cameraPosition);
// Set the texture in the pixel shader to use the data from the first texture unit.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "shaderTexture");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Shader texture not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform1i(location, 0);
// Set the light direction in the pixel shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "lightDirection");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Light direction not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform3fv(location, 1, lightDirection);
// Set the diffuse light color in the pixel shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "diffuseLightColor");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Diffuse light color not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform4fv(location, 1, diffuseLightColor);
// Set the ambient light in the pixel shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "ambientLight");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Ambient light not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform4fv(location, 1, ambientLight);
And here we set the specular power and specular color in the pixel shader.
// Set the specular light power in the pixel shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "specularPower");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Specular power not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform1f(location, specularPower);
// Set the specular light color in the pixel shader.
location = m_OpenGLPtr->glGetUniformLocation(m_shaderProgram, "specularColor");
if(location == -1)
{
cout << "Specular color not set." << endl;
}
m_OpenGLPtr->glUniform4fv(location, 1, specularColor);
return true;
}
Lightclass.h
The LightClass has been modified for this tutorial to include specular components and specular related helper functions.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _LIGHTCLASS_H_
#define _LIGHTCLASS_H_
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: LightClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class LightClass
{
public:
LightClass();
LightClass(const LightClass&);
~LightClass();
void SetDiffuseColor(float, float, float, float);
void SetDirection(float, float, float);
void SetAmbientLight(float, float, float, float);
void SetSpecularColor(float, float, float, float);
void SetSpecularPower(float);
void GetDiffuseColor(float*);
void GetDirection(float*);
void GetAmbientLight(float*);
void GetSpecularColor(float*);
void GetSpecularPower(float&);
private:
float m_diffuseColor[4];
float m_direction[3];
float m_ambientLight[4];
float m_specularColor[4];
float m_specularPower;
};
#endif
Lightclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "lightclass.h"
LightClass::LightClass()
{
}
LightClass::LightClass(const LightClass& other)
{
}
LightClass::~LightClass()
{
}
void LightClass::SetDiffuseColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
m_diffuseColor[0] = red;
m_diffuseColor[1] = green;
m_diffuseColor[2] = blue;
m_diffuseColor[3] = alpha;
return;
}
void LightClass::SetDirection(float x, float y, float z)
{
m_direction[0] = x;
m_direction[1] = y;
m_direction[2] = z;
return;
}
void LightClass::SetAmbientLight(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
m_ambientLight[0] = red;
m_ambientLight[1] = green;
m_ambientLight[2] = blue;
m_ambientLight[3] = alpha;
return;
}
void LightClass::SetSpecularColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
m_specularColor[0] = red;
m_specularColor[1] = green;
m_specularColor[2] = blue;
m_specularColor[3] = alpha;
return;
}
void LightClass::SetSpecularPower(float power)
{
m_specularPower = power;
return;
}
void LightClass::GetDiffuseColor(float* color)
{
color[0] = m_diffuseColor[0];
color[1] = m_diffuseColor[1];
color[2] = m_diffuseColor[2];
color[3] = m_diffuseColor[3];
return;
}
void LightClass::GetDirection(float* direction)
{
direction[0] = m_direction[0];
direction[1] = m_direction[1];
direction[2] = m_direction[2];
return;
}
void LightClass::GetAmbientLight(float* ambient)
{
ambient[0] = m_ambientLight[0];
ambient[1] = m_ambientLight[1];
ambient[2] = m_ambientLight[2];
ambient[3] = m_ambientLight[3];
return;
}
void LightClass::GetSpecularColor(float* specular)
{
specular[0] = m_specularColor[0];
specular[1] = m_specularColor[1];
specular[2] = m_specularColor[2];
specular[3] = m_specularColor[3];
return;
}
void LightClass::GetSpecularPower(float& power)
{
power = m_specularPower;
return;
}
Applicationclass.h
The header file for the ApplicationClass has not changed for this tutorial.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: applicationclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _APPLICATIONCLASS_H_
#define _APPLICATIONCLASS_H_
/////////////
// GLOBALS //
/////////////
const bool FULL_SCREEN = false;
const bool VSYNC_ENABLED = true;
const float SCREEN_NEAR = 0.3f;
const float SCREEN_DEPTH = 1000.0f;
///////////////////////
// MY CLASS INCLUDES //
///////////////////////
#include "inputclass.h"
#include "openglclass.h"
#include "modelclass.h"
#include "cameraclass.h"
#include "lightshaderclass.h"
#include "lightclass.h"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class Name: ApplicationClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class ApplicationClass
{
public:
ApplicationClass();
ApplicationClass(const ApplicationClass&);
~ApplicationClass();
bool Initialize(Display*, Window, int, int);
void Shutdown();
bool Frame(InputClass*);
private:
bool Render(float);
private:
OpenGLClass* m_OpenGL;
ModelClass* m_Model;
CameraClass* m_Camera;
LightShaderClass* m_LightShader;
LightClass* m_Light;
};
#endif
Applicationclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: applicationclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "applicationclass.h"
ApplicationClass::ApplicationClass()
{
m_OpenGL = 0;
m_Model = 0;
m_Camera = 0;
m_LightShader = 0;
m_Light = 0;
}
ApplicationClass::ApplicationClass(const ApplicationClass& other)
{
}
ApplicationClass::~ApplicationClass()
{
}
bool ApplicationClass::Initialize(Display* display, Window win, int screenWidth, int screenHeight)
{
char modelFilename[128];
char textureFilename[128];
bool result;
// Create and initialize the OpenGL object.
m_OpenGL = new OpenGLClass;
result = m_OpenGL->Initialize(display, win, screenWidth, screenHeight, SCREEN_NEAR, SCREEN_DEPTH, VSYNC_ENABLED);
if(!result)
{
cout << "Error: Could not initialize the OpenGL object." << endl;
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the camera object.
m_Camera = new CameraClass;
m_Camera->SetPosition(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
m_Camera->Render();
For this tutorial we will load a sphere model so the specular effect can be seen easily.
// Set the file name of the model.
strcpy(modelFilename, "../Engine/data/sphere.txt");
// Set the file name of the texture.
strcpy(textureFilename, "../Engine/data/stone01.tga");
// Create and initialize the model object.
m_Model = new ModelClass;
We will set the texture wrap to true since this is a sphere we are rendering now.
result = m_Model->Initialize(m_OpenGL, modelFilename, textureFilename, true);
if(!result)
{
cout << "Error: Could not initialize the model object." << endl;
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the light shader object.
m_LightShader = new LightShaderClass;
result = m_LightShader->Initialize(m_OpenGL);
if(!result)
{
cout << "Error: Could not initialize the light shader object." << endl;
return false;
}
// Create and initialize the light object.
m_Light = new LightClass;
In the light class object, we now set the specular color and the specular power.
For this tutorial we set the specular color to white and set the specular power to 32.
Remember that the lower the specular power value the greater the specular effect will be.
Also, the direction is set to be at an angle so the specular effect can be seen easily.
m_Light->SetDiffuseColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
m_Light->SetDirection(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
m_Light->SetAmbientLight(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f, 1.0f);
m_Light->SetSpecularColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
m_Light->SetSpecularPower(32.0f);
return true;
}
void ApplicationClass::Shutdown()
{
// Release the light object.
if(m_Light)
{
delete m_Light;
m_Light = 0;
}
// Release the light shader object.
if(m_LightShader)
{
m_LightShader->Shutdown();
delete m_LightShader;
m_LightShader = 0;
}
// Release the model object.
if(m_Model)
{
m_Model->Shutdown();
delete m_Model;
m_Model = 0;
}
// Release the camera object.
if(m_Camera)
{
delete m_Camera;
m_Camera = 0;
}
// Release the OpenGL object.
if(m_OpenGL)
{
m_OpenGL->Shutdown();
delete m_OpenGL;
m_OpenGL = 0;
}
return;
}
bool ApplicationClass::Frame(InputClass* Input)
{
static float rotation = 360.0f;
bool result;
// Check if the escape key has been pressed, if so quit.
if(Input->IsEscapePressed() == true)
{
return false;
}
// Update the rotation variable each frame.
rotation -= 0.0174532925f * 1.0f;
if(rotation <= 0.0f)
{
rotation += 360.0f;
}
// Render the graphics scene.
result = Render(rotation);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool ApplicationClass::Render(float rotation)
{
float worldMatrix[16], viewMatrix[16], projectionMatrix[16];
float diffuseLightColor[4], lightDirection[3], ambientLight[4], cameraPosition[3], specularColor[4];
float specularPower;
bool result;
// Clear the buffers to begin the scene.
m_OpenGL->BeginScene(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// Get the world, view, and projection matrices from the opengl and camera objects.
m_OpenGL->GetWorldMatrix(worldMatrix);
m_Camera->GetViewMatrix(viewMatrix);
m_OpenGL->GetProjectionMatrix(projectionMatrix);
// Rotate the world matrix by the rotation value so that the triangle will spin.
m_OpenGL->MatrixRotationY(worldMatrix, rotation);
We now also retrieve the specular power and specular color from the light object.
// Get the light properties.
m_Light->GetDirection(lightDirection);
m_Light->GetDiffuseColor(diffuseLightColor);
m_Light->GetAmbientLight(ambientLight);
m_Light->GetSpecularColor(specularColor);
m_Light->GetSpecularPower(specularPower);
We get the position of the camera from the camera object since the specular effect requires the camera's location.
// Get the camera position.
m_Camera->GetPosition(cameraPosition);
The light shader SetShaderParameters function now also takes in the camera position, the light specular color, and the light specular power.
// Set the light shader as the current shader program and set the matrices and light values that it will use for rendering.
result = m_LightShader->SetShaderParameters(worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, lightDirection, diffuseLightColor, ambientLight, cameraPosition, specularColor, specularPower);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
// Set the texture for the model in the pixel shader.
m_Model->SetTexture(0);
// Render the model.
m_Model->Render();
// Present the rendered scene to the screen.
m_OpenGL->EndScene();
return true;
}
Summary
With the addition of specular lighting, we now get a bright white light reflection from where the sphere faces the light direction.
To Do Exercises
1. Recompile and run the project and ensure you get a spinning sphere with a bright specular highlight.
2. Change the direction of the light to see the effect if the light source is from a different direction.
3. Modify the specular power and color.
Source Code
Source Code and Data Files: gl4linuxtut10_src.tar.gz
